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Perl POD Document | 2008-06-14 | 6.7 KB | 284 lines

package Locale::gettext;

=head1 NAME

Locale::gettext - message handling functions

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    use Locale::gettext;
    use POSIX;     # Needed for setlocale()

    setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "");

    # OO interface
    my $d = Locale::gettext->domain("my_program");

    print $d->get("Welcome to my program"), "\n";
            # (printed in the local language)

    # Direct access to C functions
    textdomain("my_program");

    print gettext("Welcome to my program"), "\n";
            # (printed in the local language)

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The gettext module permits access from perl to the gettext() family of
functions for retrieving message strings from databases constructed
to internationalize software.

=cut

use Carp;
use POSIX qw(:locale_h);

require Exporter;
require DynaLoader;
@ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader);

BEGIN {
    eval {
        require Encode;
        $encode_available = 1;
    };
    import Encode if ($encode_available);
}

$VERSION = "1.05" ;

%EXPORT_TAGS = (

    locale_h =>    [qw(LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES LC_ALL)],

    libintl_h => [qw(gettext textdomain bindtextdomain dcgettext dgettext ngettext dngettext dcngettext bind_textdomain_codeset)],

);

Exporter::export_tags();

@EXPORT_OK = qw(
);

bootstrap Locale::gettext $VERSION;

sub AUTOLOAD {
    local $! = 0;
    my $constname = $AUTOLOAD;
    $constname =~ s/.*:://;
    my $val = constant($constname, (@_ ? $_[0] : 0));
    if ($! == 0) {
    *$AUTOLOAD = sub { $val };
    }
    else {
    croak "Missing constant $constname";
    }
    goto &$AUTOLOAD;
}

=over 2

=item $d = Locale::gettext->domain(DOMAIN)

=item $d = Locale::gettext->domain_raw(DOMAIN)

Creates a new object for retrieving strings in the domain B<DOMAIN>
and returns it. C<domain> requests that strings be returned as
Perl strings (possibly with wide characters) if possible while
C<domain_raw> requests that octet strings directly from functions
like C<dgettext()>.

=cut

sub domain_raw {
    my ($class, $domain) = @_;
    my $self = { domain => $domain, raw => 1 };
    bless $self, $class;
}

sub domain {
    my ($class, $domain) = @_;
    unless ($encode_available) {
        croak "Encode module not available, cannot use Locale::gettext->domain";
    }
    my $self = { domain => $domain, raw => 0 };
    bless $self, $class;
    eval { bind_textdomain_codeset($self->{domain}, "UTF-8"); };
    if ($@ =~ /not implemented/) {
        # emulate it
        $self->{emulate} = 1;
    } elsif ($@ ne '') {
        die;    # some other problem
    }
    $self;
}

=item $d->get(MSGID)

Calls C<dgettext()> to return the translated string for the given
B<MSGID>.

=cut

sub get {
    my ($self, $msgid) = @_;
    $self->_convert(dgettext($self->{domain}, $msgid));
}

=item $d->cget(MSGID, CATEGORY)

Calls C<dcgettext()> to return the translated string for the given
B<MSGID> in the given B<CATEGORY>.

=cut

sub cget {
    my ($self, $msgid, $category) = @_;
    $self->_convert(dcgettext($self->{domain}, $msgid, $category));
}

=item $d->nget(MSGID, MSGID_PLURAL, N)

Calls C<dngettext()> to return the translated string for the given
B<MSGID> or B<MSGID_PLURAL> depending on B<N>.

=cut

sub nget {
    my ($self, $msgid, $msgid_plural, $n) = @_;
    $self->_convert(dngettext($self->{domain}, $msgid, $msgid_plural, $n));
}

=item $d->ncget(MSGID, MSGID_PLURAL, N, CATEGORY)

Calls C<dngettext()> to return the translated string for the given
B<MSGID> or B<MSGID_PLURAL> depending on B<N> in the given
B<CATEGORY>.

=cut

sub ncget {
    my ($self, $msgid, $msgid_plural, $n, $category) = @_;
    $self->_convert(dcngettext($self->{domain}, $msgid, $msgid_plural, $n, $category));
}

=item $d->dir([NEWDIR])

If B<NEWDIR> is given, calls C<bindtextdomain> to set the
name of the directory where messages for the domain
represented by C<$d> are found. Returns the (possibly changed)
current directory name.

=cut

sub dir {
    my ($self, $newdir) = @_;
    if (defined($newdir)) {
        bindtextdomain($self->{domain}, $newdir);
    } else {
        bindtextdomain($self->{domain});
    }
}

=item $d->codeset([NEWCODE])

For instances created with C<Locale::gettext-E<gt>domain_raw>, manuiplates
the character set of the returned strings.
If B<NEWCODE> is given, calls C<bind_textdomain_codeset> to set the
character encoding in which messages for the domain
represented by C<$d> are returned. Returns the (possibly changed)
current encoding name.

=cut

sub codeset {
    my ($self, $codeset) = @_;
    if ($self->{raw} < 1) {
        warn "Locale::gettext->codeset: meaningful only for instances created with domain_raw";
        return;
    }
    if (defined($codeset)) {
        bind_textdomain_codeset($self->{domain}, $codeset);
    } else {
        bind_textdomain_codeset($self->{domain});
    }
}

sub _convert {
    my ($self, $str) = @_;
    return $str if ($self->{raw});
    # thanks to the use of UTF-8 in bind_textdomain_codeset, the
    # result should always be valid UTF-8 when raw mode is not used.
    if ($self->{emulate}) {
        delete $self->{emulate};
        $self->{raw} = 1;
        my $null = $self->get("");
        if ($null =~ /charset=(\S+)/) {
            $self->{decode_from} = $1;
            $self->{raw} = 0;
        } #else matches the behaviour of glibc - no null entry
          # means no conversion is done
    }
    if ($self->{decode_from}) {
        return decode($self->{decode_from}, $str);
    } else {
        return decode_utf8($str);
    }
}

sub DESTROY {
    my ($self) = @_;
}

=back

gettext(), dgettext(), and dcgettext() attempt to retrieve a string
matching their C<msgid> parameter within the context of the current
locale. dcgettext() takes the message's category and the text domain
as parameters while dgettext() defaults to the LC_MESSAGES category
and gettext() defaults to LC_MESSAGES and uses the current text domain.
If the string is not found in the database, then C<msgid> is returned.

ngettext(), dngettext(), and dcngettext() function similarily but
implement differentiation of messages between singular and plural.
See the documentation for the corresponding C functions for details.

textdomain() sets the current text domain and returns the previously
active domain.

I<bindtextdomain(domain, dirname)> instructs the retrieval functions to look
for the databases belonging to domain C<domain> in the directory
C<dirname>

I<bind_textdomain_codeset(domain, codeset)> instructs the retrieval
functions to translate the returned messages to the character encoding
given by B<codeset> if the encoding of the message catalog is known.

=head1 NOTES

Not all platforms provide all of the functions. Functions that are
not available in the underlying C library will not be available in
Perl either.

Perl programs should use the object interface. In addition to being
able to return native Perl wide character strings,
C<bind_textdomain_codeset> will be emulated if the C library does
not provide it.

=head1 VERSION

1.05.

=head1 SEE ALSO

gettext(3i), gettext(1), msgfmt(1)

=head1 AUTHOR

Phillip Vandry <[e-mail]>

=cut

1;